Britney Spears

Britney Spears

Birth : 1981-12-02, McComb, Mississippi, USA

History

Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer. Often referred to as the "Princess of Pop", she is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s. After appearing in stage productions and television series, Spears signed with Jive Records in 1997 at age fifteen. Her first two studio albums, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), are among the best-selling albums of all time and made Spears the best-selling teenage artist of all time. With first-week sales of over 1.3 million copies, Oops!... I Did It Again held the record for the fastest-selling album by a female artist in the United States for fifteen years. Spears adopted a more mature and provocative style for her albums Britney (2001) and In the Zone (2003), and starred in the 2002 film Crossroads. Spears was executive producer of her fifth studio album Blackout (2007), often referred to as her best work. Following a series of highly publicized personal problems, promotion for the album was limited, and Spears was involuntarily placed in a conservatorship. Since then, she released the chart-topping albums, Circus (2008) and Femme Fatale (2011), the latter of which became her most successful era of singles in the US charts. She embarked on a four-year concert residency, Britney: Piece of Me, at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas to promote her next two albums Britney Jean (2013) and Glory (2016). In 2019, Spears's legal battle over her conservatorship became more publicized and led to the establishment of the #FreeBritney movement. In 2021, the conservatorship was terminated following her public testimony in which she accused her management team and family of abuse. Regarded as a pop icon, Spears has sold over 100 million records worldwide, including over 70 million in the United States, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. She has achieved six number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and four number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100: "...Baby One More Time", "Womanizer", "3", and "Hold It Against Me". The "S&M" remix also topped the Billboard chart. Her singles "Oops!... I Did It Again", "Toxic", and "Scream & Shout" topped the charts in most countries. With "3" in 2009 and "Hold It Against Me" in 2011, Spears became the second artist after Mariah Carey in the Hot 100's history to debut at number one with two or more songs. Her heavily choreographed videos earned her the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. She has earned numerous other awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, 15 Guinness World Records, six MTV Video Music Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards (including the Millennium Award), the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Profile

Britney Spears
Britney Spears
Britney Spears
Britney Spears

Movies

NOT A GIRL - CROSSROADS: GLOBAL FAN EVENT
Lucy Wagner
In celebration of Britney Spears’ highly-anticipated memoir, The Woman In Me, Crossroads returns to the big screen for a two-day only global fan event. With bonus features never before seen in movie theaters, this cinematic celebration invites both newcomers and loyal fans to experience the magic of this coming-of-age story anew. Crossroads tells the story of three childhood friends, Lucy (Britney Spears), Kit (Zoë Saldana) and Mimi (Taryn Manning), who, after eight years apart, rediscover their friendship on a cross-country trip. With barely a plan, practically no money but plenty of dreams, the girls catch a lift with Mimi's handsome friend Ben (Anson Mount) in his convertible. Along the way they not only gather experiences that will change their lives, but they also discover how important it is to hold onto their hearts' desires.
Britney at the BBC
Self (archive footage)
She’s been one of the world’s most successful and talked about performers of the century. Here are the biggest and best Britney Spears performances from the BBC archives.
Forbidden Love
Tom's Sister
Tom and greg are best friends.. but as time progresses, who knows? Maybe they could be more than that..
Britney Spears: Breaking Free
Self
Almost four decades as the Princess of Pop, superstar Britney Spears, continues to be in the public eye on the brink of winning a legal battle with her father that would end a conservatorship and at long last give her control of her life.
Britney vs. Spears
Self (archive footage)
Journalist Jenny Eliscu and filmmaker Erin Lee Carr investigate Britney Spears' fight for freedom by way of exclusive interviews and confidential evidence.
Toxic: Britney Spears' Battle For Freedom
Self (archive footage)
Alisyn Camerota and Chloe Melas explore pop icon Britney Spears' battle to end her legal conservatorship through critical conversations around tabloid culture, mental health, and the treatment of women in the public eye.
Controlling Britney Spears
Self (archive footage)
Britney Spears has said that her conservatorship had become “an oppressive and controlling tool against her”. This New York Times investigation reveals much of how it worked, including an intense surveillance apparatus that monitored every move she made.
Woodstock 99: Peace, Love, and Rage
Self (Archival Footage)
Explore Woodstock 99, a three-day music festival promoted to echo unity and counterculture idealism of the original 1969 concert but instead devolved into riots, looting and sexual assaults.
Britney Spears: Fighting for Freedom
Britney Spears’ life has been out of her hands since a dramatic series of events put her in a strict conservatorship in 2008. The #FreeBritney movement is skyrocketing into the international spotlight, as we watch Britney fighting for freedom.
The Battle for Britney: Fans, Cash and a Conservatorship
Self (archive footage)
Mobeen Azhar journeys from Los Angeles to Britney’s hometown of Kentwood, untangling the complexities surrounding her controversial conservatorship
Framing Britney Spears
Self (archive footage)
Her rise was a global phenomenon. Her downfall was a cruel national sport. People close to Britney Spears and lawyers tied to her conservatorship now reassess her career as she battles her father in court over who should control her life.
Loving Neverland
Self (archive footage)
Documentary that highlights the injustices and mockery that Michael Jackson dealt with post his stardom
Corporate Animals
Ghost of Britney Spears (voice)
Disaster strikes when the egotistical CEO of an edible cutlery company leads her long-suffering staff on a corporate team-building trip in New Mexico. Trapped underground, this mismatched and disgruntled group must pull together to survive.
Britney Spears: Live in London
Filmed live in London for the Apple Music Festival 10 in 2016.
Confessions of the Paparazzi
Herself
Controversial freelance photographer George Bamby reveals the dark arts of his profession as we see him in hot pursuit of celebrities such a Britney Spears in search of a photo that will reap huge rewards.
Britney Spears: Triple Ho Show
Herself
Britney Spears' full performance at the 99.7 [NOW!] Triple Ho Show 7.0. It happened in San Jose, CA at the SAP Center, in her 35th birthday (December 3rd, 2016). Tinashe joined her for the performance of "Slumber Party".
Britney Spears: Apple Music Festival
Herself
Britney Spears becomes one of the last Apple Music Festival performers, as she heads across the pond to perform her hit Las Vegas residency 'Britney: Piece of Me' in support of her ninth-studio album 'Glory.'
Britney Spears: iHeartRadio Music Festival
Herself
Jamie Lynn Spears: When the Lights Go Out
Herself
It's been nearly 10 years since Jamie Lynn Spears was in the spotlight, and, for the first time ever, she and her family invite the world to hear her side of her story.
Britney Spears: Workin' It
Herself
With the release of her eighth studio album, Britney is back and she's workin' it! This documentary chronicles the career of international superstar from her more innocent years with the release of "Baby One more Time" to being the highest paid judge on US X Factor and collaborating with Will.i.am on her latest album. She is worldwide a pop icon, who continues to grow and deliver to her fans. This is her inside story.
Britney: Piece of Me
Herself
Britney: Piece of Me is the first residency show by American singer Britney Spears, performed at The AXIS auditorium located in the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.
I Am Britney Jean
Executive Producer
An intimate look at one of the most overexposed yet under-revealed stars of today as she faces one of her biggest challenges ever while finishing her album, shooting videos, doing press -- and being a mom.
I Am Britney Jean
Herself
An intimate look at one of the most overexposed yet under-revealed stars of today as she faces one of her biggest challenges ever while finishing her album, shooting videos, doing press -- and being a mom.
Pink: Staying True
Self
Pink breaks the mold once again, bringing her career to a new level in 2013 with a world tour that entertains unlike ever before! Get inside access to "the girl who got the party started" with exclusive interviews and rare live performances.
Whitney Houston - We Will Always Love You
self
Famed for her extraordinary vocal range and uncanny ability to reach the emotional core of a song, We Will Always Love You pays tribute to that magnificent body of work and takes a closer look at the woman who brought it to life.Blessed with a once-in-a-lifetime talent and nurtured as an artist by legendary mentors Dionne Warwick and Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston's life had all of the makings of a modern fairytale and, in many ways, it was. The singer scored a remarkable ten #1 hit singles, and even made a successful transition to the silver screen in The Bodyguard, for which she recorded her immortal version of 'I Will Always Love You'. However, behind the beautiful face and the girl next-door charm that endeared her to millions of fans, there lurked a vulnerability that brought a searing intensity to her music and, eventually, tragedy into her life.Now, for the first time on DVD, the complete saga of Whitney Houston's glorious career.
Me @ the Zoo
Self (archive footage)
An intimate look at a controversial young video blogger, regarded by millions as the Internet's first rebel folk hero.
Britney Spears Live - The Femme Fatale Tour
Executive Producer
Sexy. Slammin'. Outrageous. Hurl all the adjectives you want, but one word says it all: Britney. (Ms. Spears if you're nasty.) The Grammy-winning pop diva storms the stage with a fierce mix of fan-favorite hits and hot new tracks from her latest album, Femme Fatale, in this concert special taped before a sold-out crowd in Toronto. Whether you're in the market for bodacious dance moves, killer costume changes or that make-you-melt Louisiana drawl, Britney's bringing 'em all - bigger and better than ever.
Britney Spears Live - The Femme Fatale Tour
Herself
Sexy. Slammin'. Outrageous. Hurl all the adjectives you want, but one word says it all: Britney. (Ms. Spears if you're nasty.) The Grammy-winning pop diva storms the stage with a fierce mix of fan-favorite hits and hot new tracks from her latest album, Femme Fatale, in this concert special taped before a sold-out crowd in Toronto. Whether you're in the market for bodacious dance moves, killer costume changes or that make-you-melt Louisiana drawl, Britney's bringing 'em all - bigger and better than ever.
I'm Still Here
Self (archive footage) (uncredited)
I'm Still Here is a portrayal of a tumultuous year in the life of actor Joaquin Phoenix. With remarkable access, the film follows the Oscar-nominee as he announces his retirement from a successful film career in the fall of 2008 and sets off to reinvent himself as a hip-hop musician. The film is a portrait of an artist at a crossroads and explores notions of courage and creative reinvention, as well as the ramifications of a life spent in the public eye.
Smash His Camera
Self (archive footage)
A film centering on the life and work of Ron Galella that examines the nature and effect of paparazzi.
Teenage Paparazzo
Self
A documentary that examines the relationship between celebrity and society.
The Circus Starring: Britney Spears
Herself
The Circus Starring Britney Spears, commonly referred to as the Circus Tour, was the seventh concert tour by American singer Britney Spears. It was launched in support of her sixth studio album, Circus (2008). Rumors of a tour arose as early as October 2007, after Spears released her fifth studio album Blackout; however, it was cancelled due to unknown reasons. The tour was officially announced in December 2008, with dates for American and British venues revealed. The stage was composed of three rings and set in-the-round to resemble an actual circus. Fashion designers Dean and Dan Caten created the costumes. A giant cylinder screen was set above the stage to showcase videos and backdrops. Effects were provided by Solotech. Magician Ed Alonzo joined Spears during the second act. The setlist was composed generally from her albums In the Zone, Blackout and Circus. Spears announced she would tour Australia for the first time in June 2009.
Paris Hilton Inc.: The Selling of Celebrity
Self (archive footage)
We are drowning in celebrity culture and certainly no tabloid topic has been as big as Paris Hilton. Her incarceration and subsequent release, then re-incarceration and her ultimate release once again-left us submerged knee-deep in the twists and turns of her life. Famous for doing nothing, she's the ultimate manifestation of our obsession with celebrity culture and the massive profits that it wields. As long as we are willing to watch and read, who can resist feeding our habit?
Madonna: Sticky & Sweet Tour
Girl in Elevator during Human Nature (uncredited)
A two-hour live concert from her Sticky & Sweet Tour from Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Britney Spears: Unbreakable
Herself
Look into the glamorous and tumultuous life of pop sensation Britney Spears. From her incredible skyrocketing ascent into stardom to her personal troubles and downfalls, see the inside of the star's life with exclusive interviews.
Britney: For the Record
Herself
An introspective documentary which chronicles pop music queen Britney Spears' return to the spotlight after her much-publicized professional and personal struggles. Honest, raw and revealing, the one-hour special shares some of Spears' most intimate moments in the span of 60 days, and gives fans an inside look at Britney in the recording studio and on set filming the music videos for one of music's most triumphant comebacks.
Religulous
Self (archive footage)
Commentator-comic Bill Maher plays devil's advocate with religion as he talks to believers about their faith. Traveling around the world, Maher examines the tenets of Christianity, Judaism and Islam and raises questions about homosexuality, proof of Christ's existence, Jewish Sabbath laws, violent Muslim extremists.
Britney Spears - L'innocente Rebelle
Herself
Maxim: Hot Clips 4
Herself
Collection of video clips including songs by Kylie Minogue, Britney Spears, Duran Duran and Eric Prydz.
Mickey Mouse Club: The Best Of Britney, Justin & Christina
Enjoy sensational shows from The Mickey Mouse Club, featuring the greatest appearances by pop superstars Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake, and Christina Aguilera. Complete with live concert performances and the club's exclusive hometown profiles, this is must-have entertainment for fans everywhere. See the original footage from Britney, Justin, and Christina's start in show business as you travel back in time for a fun and entertaining look at their most exciting Mickey Mouse Club moments. It's an amazing collection you'll treasure over and over again.
Britney Spears - Greatest Hits: My Prerogative
Herself / Performer
One of the biggest pop stars in the world, Britney Spears released this collection of 20 music videos to coincide with the unveiling of her greatest-hits album of the same name. Among the songs on Britney Spears: Greatest Hits -- My Prerogative are "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman," "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know," "Oops!...I Did It Again," and "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart."
Die 90er - Popwunder & Popsünden
Fahrenheit 9/11
Self (archive footage)
Michael Moore's view on how the Bush administration allegedly used the tragic events on 9/11 to push forward its agenda for unjust wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Britney Spears: The Return of an Angel
Herself (archive footage)
This documentary compilation traces pop diva Britney Spears's spectacular rise to superstardom, the personal problems that thrust her into the spotlight for all the wrong reasons, and her impressive comeback journey. In intimate interviews, Spears's friends and associates, music journalists, and major players in the industry discuss her life and career, while photos and footage from news stories and location shoots round out the story.
Brave New Girl
Novel
Holly has everything it takes to be a star; the voice, the dream and the dedication, but she lacks the means to break away from her humble Texas upbringing. Then she gets the chance to attend an art and music school on the East coast and her future suddenly looks bright. But the road to stardom is a bumpy one.
Brave New Girl
Executive Producer
Holly has everything it takes to be a star; the voice, the dream and the dedication, but she lacks the means to break away from her humble Texas upbringing. Then she gets the chance to attend an art and music school on the East coast and her future suddenly looks bright. But the road to stardom is a bumpy one.
Britney Spears: In the Zone
Herself
Britney Spears: In the Zone is a busy batch of Britney-mania, much of it featuring Spears in crisp dance numbers supplemented by behind-the-scenes glimpses and chatter. The heart of the DVD is an ABC television special featuring live performances of "Toxic," "Breathe on Me," and "I'm a Slave 4 U." A fun highlight is Spears's hip-hop collaboration with the Ying Yang Twins on "(I Got That) Boom Boom," one of the few numbers in the star's stage repertoire with a little room for spontaneity. Between songs one finds Spears gushing over her grandfather, praising her entourage, describing the emotional toll of being in the public eye, and writing songs.
Britney Spears: Live from Miami
Herself
Broadcasted live by Showtime, Britney Spears performs tracks in support of her fourth studio album "In The Zone" alongside her biggest hits at the America Airlines Arena in Miami.
Britney Spears: In The Zone
Executive Producer
Britney Spears: In the Zone is a busy batch of Britney-mania, much of it featuring Spears in crisp dance numbers supplemented by behind-the-scenes glimpses and chatter. The heart of the show is an ABC television special featuring live performances of "Toxic," "Breathe on Me," and "I'm a Slave 4 U." A fun highlight is Spears's hip-hop collaboration with the Ying Yang Twins on "(I Got That) Boom Boom," one of the few numbers in the star's stage repertoire with a little room for spontaneity. Between songs one finds Spears gushing over her grandfather, praising her entourage, describing the emotional toll of being in the public eye, and writing songs.
Britney Spears: In The Zone
Herself
Britney Spears: In the Zone is a busy batch of Britney-mania, much of it featuring Spears in crisp dance numbers supplemented by behind-the-scenes glimpses and chatter. The heart of the show is an ABC television special featuring live performances of "Toxic," "Breathe on Me," and "I'm a Slave 4 U." A fun highlight is Spears's hip-hop collaboration with the Ying Yang Twins on "(I Got That) Boom Boom," one of the few numbers in the star's stage repertoire with a little room for spontaneity. Between songs one finds Spears gushing over her grandfather, praising her entourage, describing the emotional toll of being in the public eye, and writing songs.
Pauly Shore Is Dead
Britney Spears
Hollywood comedian/actor Pauly Shore loses everything: his house, nobody in Hollywood wants to represent him, he moves back home with his mom and is now parking cars at the Comedy Store. Then one night when he's up in his mom's loft, a dead famous comedian appears who tells Pauly to kill himself cause he'll go down as a comedic genius who died before his time. Pauly then fakes his own death, and the media goes crazy.
Stages: Three Days in Mexico
Herself
This behind-the-scenes documentary follows Britney Spears during her "Dream Within A Dream" concert tour in Mexico City. She is about to turn 21 years old, and reflects about her fame and future while preparing to retire for a year.
Austin Powers in Goldmember
Herself
The world's most shagadelic spy continues his fight against Dr. Evil. This time, the diabolical doctor and his clone, Mini-Me, team up with a new foe—'70s kingpin Goldmember. While pursuing the team of villains to stop them from world domination, Austin gets help from his dad and an old girlfriend.
Crossroads
Executive Producer
After eight years apart, three childhood friends - Lucy, Kit, and Mimi - rediscover their friendship on a cross-country trip. With barely a plan, practically no money but plenty of dreams, the girls catch a lift with Mimi's handsome friend Ben in his convertible. Along the way they not only gather experiences that will change their lives, but they also discover how important it is to hold onto their hearts' desires.
Crossroads
Lucy Wagner
After eight years apart, three childhood friends - Lucy, Kit, and Mimi - rediscover their friendship on a cross-country trip. With barely a plan, practically no money but plenty of dreams, the girls catch a lift with Mimi's handsome friend Ben in his convertible. Along the way they not only gather experiences that will change their lives, but they also discover how important it is to hold onto their hearts' desires.
Britney: The Videos
Herself
Music videos for Britney Spears' third album, Britney, along with other performances and special features. On her third album the simplicity of the title belies the breadth and depth of each song, as the music deftly flows from pop to R&B, to lush balladry to funk and techno. The video illustrations of the hits "I'm A Slave 4 U" and "I'm Not A Girl, Not Yet A Woman" prove that Britney's signature style continues to cause a sensation and surprise at every turn.
Britney Spears: Live from Las Vegas
Executive Producer
Have you ever had a dream that felt so real, you couldn't tell the difference between the real world and the dream world? On November 18, 2001, the world's biggest star, Britney Spears, brought her "Dream Within a Dream" Tour to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in legendary Las Vegas. Watch this defining concert, witnessed by millions of fans, as it was broadcast live on HBO.
Britney Spears: Live from Las Vegas
Herself
Have you ever had a dream that felt so real, you couldn't tell the difference between the real world and the dream world? On November 18, 2001, the world's biggest star, Britney Spears, brought her "Dream Within a Dream" Tour to the MGM Grand Garden Arena in legendary Las Vegas. Watch this defining concert, witnessed by millions of fans, as it was broadcast live on HBO.
Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration
The Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special was a 2001 New York City revue show by Michael Jackson. It took place on September 7, 2001 and September 10, 2001. In late November 2001, the CBS television network aired the concerts as a two-hour special in honour of Michael Jackson's thirtieth year as a solo entertainer (his first solo single, "Got to Be There", was recorded in 1971). The show was edited from footage of two separate concerts Michael had orchestrated in New York City's Madison Square Garden on September 7 and September 10 of 2001. The shows sold out in five hours. Ticket prices were pop's most expensive ever; the best seats cost $5,000 and included a dinner with Michael Jackson and a signed poster.
Longshot
Flight Attendant
Teen Alex Taylor and his older brother Jack live in L.A. where Jack is a personal fitness trainer. Jack had an affair with Mitzi Price, a very powerful business man's wife. Her husband, Laszlo Price, then blackmails Jack into going to New York City to get information from Rachel Montgomery, about who she is selling her company to. Jack brings Alex with him to make sure that he will be safe. Jack and Rachel fall in love while Alex falls in love Rachel's daughter Kelly. Eventually Jack tells Rachel why he was sent to New York, and the two work together to bring Laszlo Price down. Rachel needs to have two million dollars in order to not sell her company. Alex wins the money in a halftime contest at a basketball game. They provide information about Laszlo Price to the police, and he is arrested.
MTV Icon: Janet Jackson
Herself
Pop artist Janet Jackson was selected as MTV's inaugural Icon, in an event held in Los Angeles. The ceremony was attended by several artists singing Janet's songs, cebebrities presenting the special and was finished by Janet singing her hit single "All For You".
M6 awards 2000
Self
Britney Spears: Oops!... I Did It Again Tour 2000
Britney's first world tour came in 2000 in support of her second album Oops ! ... I did it again and featuring pryo, props and movable platforms. The show commenced with Britney arriving in a giant metal orb, moving into her bedroom, performing on a staircase, in a giant kimono, at school in a cheerleader costume and ending with a tunnel of fire.
Britney Spears in Concert
The SkyOne broadcast of Britney Spears' "Oops...I Did It Again!" 2000 World Tour.
Robbie the Reindeer: Hooves of Fire
Donner (voice)
Robbie the Reindeer (voiced by Ardal O'Hanlon) arrives at the North Pole, ready to take his place as navigator on Santa's Christmas sleigh team. However, Robbie is soon plagued by doubt regarding his ability, and sets out to regain his self-respect and the admiration of his team-mates. This festive animated tale also features the voices of Jane Horrocks, Steve Coogan, Caroline Quentin and Harry Enfield, and features a script co-written by 'Blackadder' writer Richard Curtis.
Britney Spears - Live and More!
Herself
Watch 'Princess of Pop' Britney Spears cavorting in the sun and surf in "Live and More!" Part concert video and part travelogue, this fun-filled tv special features eight songs performed live on Hawaii's Waikiki Beach in front of thousands of enthusiastic fans, as seen originally aired on Fox. These songs are interspersed with clips of Britney's down time in Hawaii. Completing this grab bag are three music videos and clips from her "Saturday Night Live" appearances.
Crazy 2K Tour
Herself
The Crazy 2k Tour was the second concert tour by American recording artist Britney Spears. It was launched in support of her studio albums ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). The tour was designed as a continuation of the ...Baby One More Time Tour and a prelude to the Oops!... I Did It Again Tour.
Time Out with Britney Spears
Herself
Take a time out with this official Britney Spears behind the scenes video! Packed with interviews, recordings, concerts and much more.
Britney Spears & Joey McIntyre in Concert
Britney Spears and Joey McIntyre perform at Walt Disney World as part of the Disney Channel Concert Series
...Baby One More Time Tour
Herself
...Baby One More Time Tour was the debut concert tour by American recording artist Britney Spears. It supported her debut studio album, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and visited the United States and Canada. The tour was announced in March 1999, with dates released a month later. Tommy Hilfiger was chosen as the tour sponsor. The show was divided into various segments, with each segment being followed by an interlude to the next segment, and it ended with an encore. The setlist consisted of songs from her debut album and several covers.
Once Upon A One More Time
Producer
Cinderella, Snow White and the other fairy tale princesses gather for their book club when a rogue fairy godmother drops Betty Friedan’s landmark feminist novel “The Feminine Mystique” into their laps, causing a revelation
Once Upon A One More Time
Music
Cinderella, Snow White and the other fairy tale princesses gather for their book club when a rogue fairy godmother drops Betty Friedan’s landmark feminist novel “The Feminine Mystique” into their laps, causing a revelation