Mikhail Pokrovsky

거리를 떠돌던 개 ‘샤릭’이 외과의사 ‘쁘레오브라젠스키’에 의해서 부랑자의 뇌와 생식기를 이식 받음으로써 인간 ‘샤리코프’로 변형되어 가는 과정을 그린 소설을 영화화 한 작품이다. 개를 인간으로 변형 시킨다는 다소 부 자연스런 설정이 볼셰비키 혁명을 빗댄 것이라는 작가의 의도가 숨겨져 있다고 하는데 그 시대적인 배경의 의미를 충분히 이해하지 못하더라도 이야기의 과정을 통해 다른 의미들을 발견할 수 있다. 수술로 인해 개가 인간으로 변형이 되어 가고 있지만 천성적인 습성과 그리고 새로 이식된 부랑자의 습성의 혼돈, 불완전함이라는 전제하의 무례함과 뻔뻔스러움, 사회성 결여 등이 극중의 샤리코프에게 반면교사되는 관객의 입장에서 결코 자유스러울 수 없다. 우리나라에서도 ‘거장과 마르가리타’, ‘백위군’, ‘개의심장’, ‘조야의 아파트’ 등 몇 작품이 소개된 불가코프는 1930년 대 극작가이자 소설가다. 1917년 볼셰비키 혁명이후 러시아는 백위군과 적위군 사이의 내전에 시달렸는데 키예프의 중류층태생의사였던 불가코프도 백위군에 가담해 싸운 전력이 있다. 불가코프는 반동세력으로 간주되었고 그의 작품들 역시 당 이념에 맞지 않는다는 이유로 무수히 검열에 걸려 좌절하곤 했다. 실제로 그의 작품들 태반이 소비에트 시절에는 출판금지 대상이었고 대표작으로 손꼽히는 걸작 ‘거장과 마르가리타’ 역시 불가코프 사후 30여년이 지나서야 빛을 볼 수 있었다. 이율배반적이었던 스탈린은 남몰래 ‘반동 작가’ 불가코프의 재능을 아꼈다. 그래서 불가코프는 ‘조야의 아파트’나 ‘위선자의 밀교’ 등 다분히 체제 고발적이고 풍자적인 희곡을 무대에 올릴 수 있었지만 쏟아지는 비난 탓에 공연은 곧 막을 내려야 했다.

Leonid Pleshcheyev returned from the war blind. Against his will, he became a dependent. He drowns his grief in unrestrained drunkenness, thereby tormenting his wife Mariya and his teenage son Lyonka. Mariya finally decides to take her son and leave for Altai, but the boy runs away and returns to his father. So, together, they eke out a half-miserable existence until Grigoriy Shalagin, Pleshcheyev's longtime friend, returns from the army. It is he who awakens in Leonid the extinct self-esteem and pride of a soldier. Pity aside, he helps him get back to work.

Based on the story of the same name by Sergei Antonov. The young journalist of the central newspaper Sirotkin came to the Siberian timber industry to write an essay about the glorious driver Khromov. But soon Sirotkin’s inquiring mind calculated the trick of Khromov, who, noting one kilometer in the vouchers, traveled a short route he knew only, draining the remaining gasoline from the curbside. Having revealed yet another fraud, in which the director was also involved, Sirotkin realized that he would not write an essay, but that he would be lucky with materials for the trial. This was announced by the authorities of the timber industry. Khromov himself took the journalist on the return trip...

Based on the novel of the same name by Nikolai Chukovsky. The end of August 1941. At night, a truck rushes along the last road not yet occupied by the enemy to Leningrad. In the back of two — civil aviation pilot Lunin and commissar of the air division Uvarov. Lunin, a man no longer young, experienced, but had not yet been in battle, was sent to the legendary squadron of fighter pilots under the command of Captain Rassokhin. This squadron fought from the first day of the war and has already lost most of its composition. The story of the harsh everyday life of the defenders of Leningrad, full of heroism and tragedy; about the heavy share of city residents who fell into the ring of an enemy blockade. In the center of the story is the fate of military pilots who had to fight in the sky over Leningrad and the Baltic.

The journalist of the village newspaper Tatyana Nikitina was published in a large metropolitan newspaper, but no one from the villagers believes her, because the article itself was published under her creative pseudonym. Tatyana, offended at everyone, packed her things and left for Moscow, where she was willingly hired for a job in a central newspaper. Traveling throughout the country, she writes feuilletons and notes, finds friends and enemies, finds and does not lose loved ones...