Taija Rae

Taija Rae

Nascimento : 1962-01-29, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

História

Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Rae entered the adult film industry in 1983, after being discovered by a fledgling Philadelphia talent firm, Lynx Management. The first part of her stage name, pronounced Tayzh-a, came from an Asian cocktail waitress she worked with before porn. The last name, Rae, was a tribute to Fay Wray, actress in the movie King Kong. After a test photo shoot in New York City, she quickly made the rounds of the New York adult industry and kept busy in East Coast erotic films and photo modeling, working with directors such as Henri Pachard, Chuck Vincent, and Dave Darby. Her first films were Dangerous Stuff and Scenes They Wouldn't Let Me Shoot, filmed the same weekend.

Perfil

Taija Rae

Filmes

Taija Rae Screws the Stars
(archive footage)
Watch the stars doing each other in non-stop star studded action! In this unique, never assembled before collection every scene is a classic!
Tracey Adams Screws the Stars
(archive footage)
Watch the stars doing each other! Non-stop star studded action! A unique collection never assembled before. Every scene a hit, every scene a classic!
Big Tit Superstars of the 80's: Honey Wilder Collection
(archive footage)
Texas born MILF Honey Wilder appeared in over 70 films in her career as a top billed 80's porn slut. Her southern accent, sweet disposition, seductive eyes and 36D tits made her an obvious choice for roles as teachers, moms, and classy Southern belles. Alpha Blue Archives has hand picked 2 hours of great scenes showcasing her in a variety of hot action, sucking, fucking, pussy eating, masturbating and more! Also featuring Bunny Bleu, Janey Robbins and Taija Rae!
Legends of Porn II
(archive footage)
Compilation video
Decadence
Denise (archive footage)
A woman, her actions controlled by mysterious film directors, stars in a bizarre porn film.
Satin Angels
Catherine
Close sexual encounters taking place in an aristocratic rural estate, involving it's residents, relatives, employes and visitors.
Inner Blues
Lauren
A struggling dancer and her drug addicted musician boyfriend try to make it big while performing in the notorious disco sex club called Club 64, the place where everyone comes to dance and get noticed but also have sex.
This Is Your Sex Life
(archive footage)
Welcome to 'This is Your Sex Life,' the hottest game show on television! Each week one lucky guest gets to relive the steamiest moments of their life so far -- and to get in on some all-new thrills in the process. Tantalizing Tracey Adams plays the hostess of the passionate program, leading buxom beauty Taija Rae through a series of searing sexual flashbacks. Taija closes the show off with a raucous romp opposite well-equipped stud Tom Byron. Before that explosive finale, though, we're treated to some equally feverish work from Taija's come-hither co-stars. Shanna McCullough delivers the flick's hottest moments, an opening blast with Peter North and a steamy girl-girl grope -- both scenes find Shanna at her youthfully scrumptious best. Tiffany Storm shines in the video's most over-the-top frolic, a blistering foursome in which Tiffany more than handles a trio of piston-pumping hunks. It's a non-stop, action-packed look at game shows the way we all wish they were!
Living Doll
Living Doll takes place in a toy store and it shows what kind of fun the toys are up to when everyone goes home at night. The toys have nightly sex sessions starting with the ballerina and a Revolutionary soldier! Even the shop keeper gets into the act when a customer comes in and he gives her more than she expected. Eventually the store workers are also turned into toys and the toy orgy is on!
Moonlusting
Hattie Mays
In a parody of the TV show "Moonlighting," a pair of sleuths from the New Poon agency try to find out "who done it" in a case of infidelity.
Furburgers
Furr and the staff of his small, run-down cafe decide to beat their main competitor, a successful snazzy, jazzy neon-lit Golden Arc Burgerama across the street that offers services that aren't on the menu, at their own game.
DreamGirls
First Magazine Model
You’ve watched them on the beach, brushed against them in the elevator and passed them on the street. Now Edwin Durell- the master of modern erotica- brings your Dreamgirls to life in five brand new, incredibly erotic vignettes. With Hitchcock-esque narration and some great acting, you’ll think you’re watching a Hollywood film. Impeccably-shot, the cinematography in the first scene alone will blow you away. This is gorgeous porn to pleasure yourself to, sex fiends!! Enjoy!!
The Hot Box Invasion
Linda
description needed
Motel Sweets
Eric Edwards has done it again with Motel Sweets. As producer, director, co-writer and star, he has fashioned a sexy romantic comedy that hits so close to home. In fact, it's just right out of your town, a one-night hideaway where you and yours can do your think, with only the motel inhabitants as your observing witnesses. And they are Eric, himself, as night manager, Taija Rae as the hooker, the bedraggled husband and his frustrated young wife, the town, the shy newlyweds, the night maid, the slimming young businessman, the traveling salesman, and lots more. All having a ball, enjoying it all, behind and in - front of their closed doors, at the Motel Sweets
Jewels of the Night
Traci's Fantasies
Amber Pays the Rent
It’s so nice to have a man around the house…especially when there are bills to pay. Join fascinating Toy (Amber Lynn) and her wild roommates for the most delicious debt paying session ever!
Doctor Penetration
Miss Trashy
Sweet Stacey Donovan and Herschel Savage star as a pair of newlyweds whose car breaks down on their way to their honeymoon in this steamy sexvid. When they knock on the door of the nearest house, the couple enters a wanton world of unleashed sexuality and debauchery that they'll definitely never forget.
Sex Appeal
Rhonda
This is the story of young Tony Cannelloni as he attempts to break away from his overbearing mom and strike out on his own. He sets himself up with a new apartment, look, and lifestyle to improve his "sex appeal". Through a series of encounters with a variety of women he gets ever closer to achieving his goal. However, a never-ending series of calamities always seem to interrupt his progress.
Talk Dirty to Me 4
Jennifer
The hot and horny mermaid from "Talk Dirty To Me, Part Three" returns... this time bringing her sister mermaids to sample the sins of the big city. Unfortunately, the city water becomes poisonous to them and they must return home. Alas, our aquatic heroine is nowhere to be found. Her quest for sexual gratification has led her astray. The mermaids seek out Jack, her original tutor in titillation, since he knows what mermaids like and has plenty of bait. Jack agrees to find her and discovers once again that what smells like fish, and tastes like fish, may sometimes be a fish.
Taboo American Style 4: The Exciting Conclusion
Lisa Chinaski
Naughty Nina Sutherland continues her quick rise to fame and fortune, leaving her broken and sexually exhausted family in ruins. She's set her sights on show biz - and pity the fool who stands in her way. First, she makes sure her acting competition, Felitia Barry, is caught in the act on the casting couch. Then, to snatch a leading role, she meeds Sid Holtzman, a perverse agent who likes to watch his wife make it with young studs. When Nina arranges this sultry scenario, she finally lands a spot in the big-time. "Everything runs smoothly for our new starlet, until cranky critic D.D. Dorfman wages a one-man war against Nina on nation TV. Nina can't take criticism, so she gives our doubting Dorfman a private performance - and needless to say, his reaction is "thumbs up!
Winner Takes All
Not much of a plot. Just hot girls doing what they do best!
Christine's Secret
Heather
Christine goes to her friend's rustic inn hoping to find sexual fulfillment amidst the idyllic setting and the other guests.
Babyface 2
A group of beautiful young women decide to host a sexy get together for their soon-to-be-wedded friend. But when they discover that the male stripper they've hired for the occasion is a drunken slob, they tease and humiliate him, unaware that he possesses unique mystical powers and intends to turn all of them into his sexual playthings!
Taboo American Style 3: Nina Becomes An Actress
Lisa Chinaski
Lauded by critics as the finest film of the year, Taboo American-Stye is the four-part saga of one young woman's sexual awakening – and the power she attains with it. In part 3, Nina continues her campaign of unabashed seduction, taking on all comers. But such sexual feats are not enough for Nina, and it isn't long before she set her sights on Hollywood...
Doin' the Harlem Shuffle
Rosemary
Rosemary is the madam of a high-class brothel in Harlem in the 1930s, a place where the cream of New York society can fulfill their fantasies, including such taboos as interracial sex.
Play Me Again Vanessa
Janey
Vanessa Del Rio pops out of a TV set to instruct a lovelorn secretary in the ways of the flesh.
Secret Mistress
What would you do if you tried to be faithful to one fabulous female but had the world's most gorgeous women out to get you waylaid, parlaid and laid? Well, that's the predicament faced by the hero, Steven, in the sizzling glittering low down on Manhattan's elite "Secret Mistress." A continuous succession of centerspread models and insatiable housewives bombard him with the most tempting, torrid and tantalizing provocations, and though the weakens some (who wouldn't), he still hankers for that special brand of sex with his secret mistress.
Breakin In
Fawn
Comedy plot line has Fawn and her gal pal Nina Hartley trying to break into the adult industry while schlubs Herschel Savage and Randy Paul figure that becoming adult video actors will help them get laid (!). They fail but then impersonate adult filmmakers and of course cross paths with the gals -pure corn.
Chastity And The Starlets
Chastity
There's a big problem at The Starlets Club that has the gentlemen clientele up in arms! A mysterious force has locked a chastity belt onto the curvy and tiny waist of a virgin hottie Chastity. Her sex kitten friends at the Club must find a way to remove the belt, allowing Chastity and her eager young snatch to enjoy the limitless sexual orgies the club has to offer. Will the belt finally be unlocked, thus opening up a Pandora's Box of wild sex for this unspoiled vixen?
Hometown Honeys
Angel
The daily goings-on in a suburban neighborhood full of housewives who are anything BUT desperate
The Ex-Connection
Taija: Sizzling Hot
Taija Rae
When a hot rock band needs a new song, the sex crazed members come up with a torrid tune entitled sizzling hot and divide a carnal contest to find the gal who best fits the title!
Satin Seduction
Taija Rae heads a hot cast
Mouth Watering
Tracey
Sad because she thinks she's too fat, Tracey believes a weight loss program will be her ticket to happiness. However, after she sheds some pounds, Tracey decides she's too good for her supportive boyfriend and moves in with her new friend Debbie to play the field.
Wet Dreams
Schoolgirl
In a chic restaurant, a newlywed and her promiscuous girlfriend indulge in a lot more than lunch when their sensuous wet dreams, involving the unsuspecting patrons, set off an explosion of outrageous sexual fantasy!
Star Angel
Franny
When Luke Frame's rock star wife dies of a drug overdose, he misses her. So much, that he can't forget her. Why? Because he was the cause that led to her death.
Unveiled
Female mime
Lawyer Bob cheats on his uptight wife Cindy by spending an afternoon with a prostitute. Bob's buddy Ted also commits infidelity on his spouse Julie by seducing his secretary. Bob and Ted decide to further spice up their sex lives by swapping wives without their knowledge. However, Cindy and Julie find out about what their husbands have done, so they plot to get even on the guys by following them to the exotic nightspot The Mask Club and joining in on the carnal activities going on at said club.
Double Trouble
Heiress
Heated passions cum to a climax when double dealing, oversexed sisters learn they have inherited millions!
Tickled Pink
Louise
Louise and Bernie are a married couple in a rut. They seek out different ways to spice up their dreary love life.
Taboo American Style 2: The Story Continues
Lisa Chinaski
Lauded by critics as the finest film of the year, Taboo American-Style is the four-part saga of one young woman's sexual awakening - and the power she attains with it. In part 2, Nina's newfound sexuality prompts her to take on her mother's secret lover, which in turn created more than a little tension around the house.
Bordello: House of the Rising Sun
Belle La Belle
The beloved owner of a New Orleans bordello dies of a heart attack, leaving the establishment to be run by an employee. However, the girls find out that a corporation owns 51% of the business, and the new owner sends the brothel's "residents" a message--earn more money for us or you're out of here.
Taboo American Style: The Ruthless Beginning
Lisa Chinaski
A teenage girl gets her first sexual experience with her best friend's boyfriend and the news turns her upper-middle class family upside down.
Sexually Altered States
Janice
When a man tries to cure his abnormally strong sexual desire with chemotherapy and finds the results aren't quite what he expected, his friends try to bring him back to his normal state. Deep within all of us lies a sexual animal, watch yours come out!
Looking for Mr. Goodsex
Melanie
A publisher of a national women's magazine travels from America's coast to coast searching for a male model for her latest Hunk of the Month addition.
Electric Blue 18
Masseuse (segment "Room Service")
Men's video magazine.
Climax!
Janice
It's the tingle for which people take the ultimate risk to achieve. Anne is one such thrillseeker who delights in cheating on her husband Charles, who is a likewise nookie chaser. Join these two headstrong hedonists in their erotic escapades that set new records in sensual sexual achievement. Seeking fulfillment, the carnal fleshpots of Atlantic City provide Charles with one forbidden sex act after another, until he looses his last dime to a crooked poker player. To make matters even worse, Charles gets rolled by two outrageous and provocative hookers. The plot thickens as doublecrosses turn into romantic triangles. Deceptions and seductions run rampant, until that fateful night finally comes when Anne has to pay Charles' gambling debt.
Campus Cuties
Paige
Going to college means that farm girl Wendy Phillips must leave her boyfriend Jeb, after a literal roll in the hay, of course. At college, Wendy meets coeds Paige, Catty, and Elaine and their boyfriends Phil, Danny, and Bruner. The boys' hobby of secret videotaping comes in handy when Dean Plumm extorts sex from Wendy. Blackmail gives the frat boys license to party hearty, and they do. Wendy receives a "Dear Joan" letter from Jeb, so she's free, too.
Flesh & Fantasy
Lorraine
What happens to a simple farm boy when his crops fail, his girl leaves him, and he hasn't had an erection in six months? If he's John Powell Jones, he makes a unique deal with the devil...his soul in exchange for unlimited hard-ons. an offer he can't refuse, obviously, and one that takes him into the arms & beds of many a lovely lady.
Os Garotos do Break / Entregadores de Pizza
Nurse
A gang of boys under the Brooklyn Bridge are united by their common interest in break dancing. Some work as pizza delivery boys, hence they call themselves the "Delivery Boys". They form a dance team and enter a local break dance contest, sponsored by a woman's panty manufacturer. A rival gang's sponsor intimidates their employer into thinking she must keep the boys working so they won't be harmed. She gives the boys some "specialized" deliveries to make them late for the contest. The antics and calamities abound as the boys wrestle with her work assignments and getting to the contest on time.
Candy Stripers 2
Nurse Kelly Martin
Those adorable, ever horny angels of mercy are back to make your temperature rise in a laugh and lust packed sequel to one of the best selling titles of all time. Candy Stripers Angie and Sarah are only interested in patients and partying – but they'll have their hands full (in more ways than one!) with the trouble that's brewing at Northwest General. Dr. Fine's feelgood aphrodisiac gas has gotten loose, causing doctors, patients and nurses to throw their inhibitions to be wild!
Erotic Zones the Movie
You’re traveling through another dimension. A dimension not only of sight and sound, but of hot sex. A journey into a tantalizing land whose only boundaries are those of the imagination. That’s the red light up ahead! Your next stop… EROTIC ZONES: THE MOVIE.
Dangerous Stuff
Doll
Throbbing, sobbing, and hot from Broadway, Cecil Howard’s Dangerous Stuff delivers that kind of grinding, wrenching, wild sex that can drive a man to drink. Jerry, who drinks, loves Lanie, a rich, beautiful cock-teaser. Their story is explicitly enacted before a live audience. The curtain rises as Jerry tries to talk Lanie into getting him off by phone! Furious, she rejects him. He’s heartbroken. He decides to hang himself, for revenge. As he clumsily ties a noose around his neck, his life, which has been lusty, flashes before his eyes. The audience groans as girl after fabulous wet girl appears.
She's So Fine!
Angela
Group of crazy artists are invited to a party at a rich family's house, in the suburbs of a big city. Their presence changes the family's concepts about love and sex.
Fashion Fantasies
Jean
It's only a dress - but when women put it on, even the most plain Jane is transformed into a voluptuous sex goddess. Clare, a nubile clothes collector, tries on the garment and gets some help taking it off from her horny handyman. When she sells it to a used clothing store, the female owners try it on for size - both of them at the same time, in a lusty lesbian coupling. A well-hung shopper interrupts and is introduced to their unique 'layway' plan! Before long, the dress livens up the kinky affairs of a rich vixen, and ultimately becomes the star attraction at a hot yuppie orgy!
Wish You Were Here
How does Rhonda satisfy her burning desires when you’re not there? What do Taija and Susan do when they’re all alone? What fantasies drive Heather in her self-fulfillment? How does Gina spend her most intimate moments? They’ll gladly show you, but all the while they’ll be… wishing you were here!
Sex Crime 2084
The year is 2084 and two Sex Cops, Manny Powers (Robert Bullock) and his trusty sidekick Trevor Horn (Billy Dee), are out on patrol in search of dangerous sex criminals. Manny and Trev bust an uncooperative beauty. Charged with ‘Suspicion of Inhibition,’ the offender is readily persuaded to reform her celibate ways. Another victory for the State! Manny yearns for a time in the past when didn’t give in so easily, when it wasn’t unlawful to be a virgin, when a man was happy to just get a kiss on the first date. Along with Barb Weir, sensual Sex Cop extraordinaire, Manny and Trevor return to the past in search of innocence.
Eaten Alive
Voyeur
Shelly
A bitter ex-cop, as his life takes a bizarre twist the day, meets a shady lawyer. After being hired to spy on a wealthy and promiscuous socialite he finds himself beyond obsession with this lustful and mysterious woman. As his sexual intensity mounts from watching the socialites smoldering encounters, Robert must sweat it out while watching from afar. Like an animal driven by savage passion, he must finally confront the image of his desire and you get to witness it right along wit him.
Hot Rockers
Carol
Hot Rockers is a classic take featuring a cheesy rock soundtrack and hilarious attempts at acting. Best described as a retro time capsule—this film will have you soaking in nostalgia and a longing for a simpler time.
Sex Drive
Rita Jo
The employees and attendees of a small rural highway truck stop start having fun when the neon sign malfunctions and ends up spelling out "Sex Drive."
Naked Scents
Milissa Pot
An upcoming wedding brings the whole upper middle class family, their friends and their house staff together.
Rock Hard
Adonna
The Sextelettes, a female heavy metal rock group, want to get their record played on local radio stations and are determined to do anything--and anybody--to accomplish that
Little Oral Annie Takes Manhattan
Amy
Little Oral Annie's adventure finds our heroine meeting up with luscious Carol Gross and Danielle. The erotic session that follows, after they discover well-hung Michael Knight, is just the first of Annie's many thermometer blowing adventures! Annie makes herself a welcome visitor in the Big Apple by exercising her special techniques. She always brings forth the best in the men she meets!
American Babylon
Denise
Robert is a recluse who's obsessed with pornographic film and tries to draw his best friend Thomas into his lifestyle. Thomas is intrigued but now he has to worry about Robert's sexually frustrated wife Joan.
Desperate Women
Angela
Two women are arrested and thrown into a prison where the guards are randy and the prisoners are desperate.
Superstars of Porn Vol. 1
(archive footage)
No one gets it on like the pros. Let stunners like Kay Parker and Nina Hartley show you how in this all-hard, all-wet, all-star X-rated revue. Because when it comes to getting weenies up and squirting, a hotter collection of true porno sluts have never been crammed into one action series before. When these people engage in the serious business of getting their rocks off together, you'd better believe they accomplish their goal in the raunchiest possible way, and that everyone ends up soaked. That's what being a porno superstar is all about: making a sticky mess, then getting someone else to lap it up!!
Jailhouse Girls
Wendy
Caught up in a prostitution raid, Joanne is quickly introduced to the cruel realities of the penal system. Her first lesson comes courtesy of a transport van driver before she even arrives at the prison. Annoyed by the repeated protestations of her innocence, driver Jack stops the van, and while his female partner takes a smoke break in the cab, he rapes the shackled Joanne in front of three other constrained female prisoners who voice no objections. Upon arrival at the prison the warden tells her she must learn to "play the game" if she ever expects to be released.
Sex Spa USA
Sandy
The experiences, both good and bad, of three very different couples on their first night visting a health spa which doubles as a public swinger's club.
Return to Alpha Blue
Girl with the Red Belt
In the 21st Century, women rule the world and men are merely sex objects. Women can materialize men using a special machine to service theri every whim. This is the world of Alpha Blue.
Raw Talent
Shirley (as Tajia Rae)
A soap opera actor is haunted by his past.
Good Girls, Bad Girls
Ginny McNamara
The beautiful, sensual and legendary Velva is suddenly discovered to be the victim of foul play. As we begin to unravel the mysteries surrounding her fate, a disturbing pattern of erotic excess begins to appear.
Inside Little Oral Annie
Louise Ingster
Little Oral Annie reveals how she got her nickname over the course of a series of vignettes.
Sex on the Set
In SEX ON THE SET, Tanya Lawson has her way with an exotically chained and laced up Janey Robbins. Their fun continues with Ron Jere,y servicing Janey from one end and Tanya from the other. It's luscious!! The hot and sizzling Robin Everett takes on, the then newcomer, David Scott. He is a fast learner and shorty the action get so hot that the director, Eric Edwards, can't help but to join in on the sexual romp. This flic has it all including one of the all time kinky lesbian scenes!! Taija Rae and Rene Summers fully take advantage of a two-sided dildo, as they explore each other with this giant plastic and rubber falice. To be honest, these two women are a great turn on. Plus, the fresh face and body of starlet Cathy Reed pushes Ron Jeremy to new heigts in a sizzling duet and grand finale.
Turn On with Kelly Nichols
Kelly Nichols hosts this educational outing in which various beautiful women demonstrate assorted ancient practices and techniques pertaining to carnal fulfillment.
Hostage Girls
Judy
Roommates Judy, Sharon and Paula are fledgling actresses whose apartment is taken over by a trio of escaped convicts.
Supergirls Do General Hospital
Nurse Penny
The ravishing Raven stars as a sexy movie star in need of a little peace and quiet. Unfortunately, she gets neither when she checks into General Hospital – just a whole lot of sex instead!
Supergirls Do the Navy
Dusty
Three coed girls enlist submarine duties to pass their exams. They ofc run into some encounters during their visit and the captain is eager to accomodate. The prips are ok and Raven preforms as always.
Give It to Me
Sally
Imagine a restaurant where the only bill of fare is the sexual passions of the other patrons. Or consider a consumer segment on a news broadcast featuring sex toys and pleasure aids where the hosts not only rate their erotic effectiveness but demonstrate how they are to be lovingly used. It's all part of a new adult cable TV channel, and this film gives you a behind the scenes look at the incredibly intimate and sensually arousing programming.
Scenes They Wouldn't Let Me Shoot!
Director Henri Pachard (Ron Sullivan) hosts this anthology in which he reveals the scenes that were either too bizarre or didn't fit the storylines of his previous pictures. Now that he has free rein for this production, he ties them together into one scorching feature film.
Long Hard Nights
Nurse Nora
Nora is fired from her job as a nurse by hospital administrator Davenport due to her unorthodox methods in treating patients. She takes on a series of nursing jobs away from hospitals and crosses paths with a number of interesting characters. Winner of 1985 AVN Awards for Best Video Feature and Best Director, Video.
Candy Samples Triple Feature 5
Includes - Candy Samples Video Review - Best Little Whorehouse In San Francisco - Inside Candy Samples - Electric Blue (Bonus) - Candy strips at the rodeo!
Urban Heat
Woman ('Morning Scene')
The second film from Candida Royalle's Femme Productions which released erotic videos for women. The movie follows several couples dancing at a night club as they go home and make love in private.
Make Me Feel It!
Linda
R. Bolla stars as a publisher of porn paperbacks whose business has fallen on hard times. People just aren't thrilled by his books anymore. So he calls in his authors, a bunch of guys and gals whose sexy stories just aren't cutting the mustard anymore. Bolla sends them all out to find new, exciting sexual experiences to write about. "Make me feel it!" he exhorts, setting them loose for a series of sensual shenanigans. What follows is a string of white-hot encounters starring some of the most exciting performers of the day. From the buxom charms of Taija Rae to the svelte curves of Sharon Kane, these gals know how to make anyone 'feel it' -- and you will too when you watch this fiery video treat!
69th Street Vice
Hardcore spoof of the 1980s' television cop show Cagney and Lacey.
Jack 'n Jill 2
Bobo Benson
Jill wants Jack to stop engaging in his carnal desires of group sex and tasting forbidden fruit. Tired of his exploits, she has some of her own.
Driller
Louise
Adult spoof of Michael Jackson's Thriller musical containing a fan of the super pop star known as Mr J and her fantasies that come to life in an unbridled display of cinematic imagination in her sexual misadventures. Leading lady gets it from a well-endowed werewolf (the transormed Mr. J); is abducted to a strange castle and finally escapes to a graveyard where she joins in an unbelievable orgy of zombies and ghouls and the like. Of course, her kinky explorations are fraught with hot music, dazzling dance routines and spectacular special effects.