Fred Zinnemann
출생 : 1907-04-29, Rzeszów, Poland
사망 : 1997-03-14
약력
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alfred "Fred" Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997), born in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, was an American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing films in various genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir and play adaptations. He made 25 feature films during his 50-year career.
Zinnemann was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with civilians to give his films more realism. Within the film industry, he was considered a maverick for taking risks and thereby creating unique films, with many of his stories being dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events. According to one historian, Zinnemann's style demonstrated his sense of "psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining."
Some of his most notable films were The Men (1950), High Noon (1952), From Here to Eternity (1953), Oklahoma! (1955), The Nun's Story (1959), A Man For All Seasons (1966), The Day of the Jackal (1973), and Julia (1977). His films have received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24.
Zinnemann directed and introduced a number of stars in their U.S. film debuts, including Marlon Brando, Rod Steiger, Pier Angeli, Julie Harris, Brandon deWilde, Montgomery Clift, Shirley Jones and Meryl Streep. He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations, including Frank Sinatra, Montgomery Clift, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell.
Fred Zinnemann died in London, England in 1997. He was 89 years old.
Self (archive footage)
The story of the gold-plated statuette that became the film industry's most coveted prize, AND THE OSCAR GOES TO... traces the history of the Academy itself, which began in 1927 when Louis B. Mayer, then head of MGM, led other prominent members of the industry in forming this professional honorary organization. Two years later the Academy began bestowing awards, which were nicknamed "Oscar," and quickly came to represent the pinnacle of cinematic achievement.
Himself (archive footage)
Eight hundred German filmmakers (cast and crew) fled the Nazis in the 1930s. The film uses voice-overs, archival footage, and film clips to examine Berlin's vital filmmaking in the 1920s; then it follows a producer, directors, composers, editors, writers, and actors to Hollywood: some succeeded and many found no work. Among those profiled are Erich Pommer, Joseph May, Ernst Lubitsch, Fritz Lang, Billy Wilder, and Peter Lorre. Once in Hollywood, these exiles helped each other, housed new arrivals, and raised money so others could escape. Some worked on anti-Nazi films, like Casablanca. The themes and lighting of German Expressionism gave rise in Hollywood to film noir.
Himself (archive footage)
How the cinema industry does not respect the author's work as it was conceived, how manipulates the motion pictures in order to make them easier to watch by an undemanding audience or even how mutilates them to adapt the original formats and runtimes to the restrictive frame of the television screen and the abusive requirements of advertising. (Followed by “Filmmakers in Action.”)
Self
Documentary about High Noon featuring Fred Zinnemann and Stanley Kramer.
Himself
Documentary on the director Fred Zinnemann and his work, in which he talks extensively about his career and experiences in the cinema from his early days in Paris and Berlin, and his arrival in Hollywood in 1929 to the present.
Biography of the legendary filmmaker directed by his son.
Producer
A 1930s Scottish doctor (Sean Connery) goes climbing in the Alps with an infatuated niece (Betsy Brantley) he passes off as his wife.
Director
A 1930s Scottish doctor (Sean Connery) goes climbing in the Alps with an infatuated niece (Betsy Brantley) he passes off as his wife.
The reunion of a group of former medical students results in a flood of bitter memories.
Director
1930년대 릴리 헬먼(Lillian Hellman: 제인 폰다 분)로부터 영화가 시작된다. 줄리아(Julia: 바네사 레드그레이브 분)와 릴리는 어릴 적부터 깊은 우정을 나눠온 절친한 친구 고교 졸업 후 줄리아는 옥스포드에서 의학을, 릴리는 작가가 돼기 위해 미국에서 공부한다. 그 후 비엔나로 유학을 떠난 줄리아는 때마침 유럽에 불어닥친 히틀러, 무솔리니의 독재정치에 항거하는 레지스팅스 운동에 앞장선다. 한편, 첫 번째 소설의 대대적인 성공으로 인기 작가가 된 릴리는 줄리아의 부탁으로 비자금 5만불을 베를린으로 숨겨들어온다. 베를린 역 근처의 작은 까페에서 극적으로 만난 두 여인. 그러나 줄리아는 한쪽 다리에 의족을 단 불안정한 투사의 모습으로 릴리를 맞이한다. 짧은 만남을 뒤로하고 다시 뉴욕으로 돌아온 릴리는 나치에게 체포되어 갖은 고초를 겪던 줄리아가 피살되었다는 비보를 받는다.
Director
1962년 프랑스령 알제리의 독립을 허용한 이래 드골 대통령은 프랑스 국민들, 특히 알제리 주둔군이나 식민지 거주 국민들로부터 매국노로 크게 지탄을 받았으며 암살 기도까지 여러 차례 있었다. 군 출신의 드골 제거 조직인 OAS의 저격 사건 후 조직이 와해되고 대표가 처형당하자 후임자인 로댕 대령은 프랑스인이 아닌 외국의 살인청부업자에게 일을 시키기로 결정한다. 적임자로 선택된 것은 영국인으로 콩고나 도미니카에게 독재자들을 암살한 전력의 30대 미남으로 암호명은 재칼이다. 그는 오직 혼자서 일하고 철저한 비밀 유지를 위해 연락도 잘되지 않는 신비스러운 인물이다. 그가 요구한 돈은 50만 달러. 재칼은 랜트카를 타고 이태리를 거쳐 더건이란 이름의 위조여권으로 프랑스에 입국하지만 프랑스 첩보 부대에서는 레벨이란 민완 수사관이 나서서 재칼이라 암호명과 차종까지를 밝혀낸다.
Producer
영국 교회가 로마 교회의 지배를 받던 시절, 토머스 모어(Sir Thomas More: 폴 스코필드 분)는 헨리 8세의 두터운 신임을 받고 있는 조력자이며 천주교에 대한 신앙심 또한 두터운 사람이다. 어느 날 헨리 8세가 이혼을 원하자, 모어는 왕의 이혼과 재혼을 승인하지 않는다. 그리고 헨리 8세(King Henry VIII: 로버트 쇼 분)가 스스로를 영국 천주교회의 수장으로 임명하려 하지만 모어는 이 또한 인정하지 않는다. 결국 모어는 리처드 리치의 모함을 받아 웨일스의 재판장에 서게 된다. 그곳에서 모어는 증인으로 소환되어 위증한 리처드 리치에게 "영혼을 파는 자는 세상을 다 얻어도 덧없는데, 고작 웨일즈 법무장관이라니"라며 "당신들이 내 피를 보려는 건 왕의 칭호 때문이 아니라 결혼을 승인하지 않았기 때문이요"라며 자신의 기독교와 도덕에 대한 신념을 굽히지 않는다. 그리고 그는 끝내 형장의 이슬로 사라져간다.
"토마스 모어의 머리는 한 달간 '반역자의 문'에 걸려있다가 딸 마가렛이 가져가서 자신이 죽을 때까지 보관했다. 크롬웰은 그후 5년 뒤에 대역죄로 목이 잘렸으며, 대주교는 화형 당했다. 노퍽 공작도 반역자로 처형될 예정이었으나 바로 전날 왕이 매독으로 사망한 바람에 목숨을 건졌다. 리차드 리치는 대법관이 됐고, 고령으로 사망했다."
Director
영국 교회가 로마 교회의 지배를 받던 시절, 토머스 모어(Sir Thomas More: 폴 스코필드 분)는 헨리 8세의 두터운 신임을 받고 있는 조력자이며 천주교에 대한 신앙심 또한 두터운 사람이다. 어느 날 헨리 8세가 이혼을 원하자, 모어는 왕의 이혼과 재혼을 승인하지 않는다. 그리고 헨리 8세(King Henry VIII: 로버트 쇼 분)가 스스로를 영국 천주교회의 수장으로 임명하려 하지만 모어는 이 또한 인정하지 않는다. 결국 모어는 리처드 리치의 모함을 받아 웨일스의 재판장에 서게 된다. 그곳에서 모어는 증인으로 소환되어 위증한 리처드 리치에게 "영혼을 파는 자는 세상을 다 얻어도 덧없는데, 고작 웨일즈 법무장관이라니"라며 "당신들이 내 피를 보려는 건 왕의 칭호 때문이 아니라 결혼을 승인하지 않았기 때문이요"라며 자신의 기독교와 도덕에 대한 신념을 굽히지 않는다. 그리고 그는 끝내 형장의 이슬로 사라져간다.
"토마스 모어의 머리는 한 달간 '반역자의 문'에 걸려있다가 딸 마가렛이 가져가서 자신이 죽을 때까지 보관했다. 크롬웰은 그후 5년 뒤에 대역죄로 목이 잘렸으며, 대주교는 화형 당했다. 노퍽 공작도 반역자로 처형될 예정이었으나 바로 전날 왕이 매독으로 사망한 바람에 목숨을 건졌다. 리차드 리치는 대법관이 됐고, 고령으로 사망했다."
Director
Manuel Artiguez, a famous bandit during the Spanish civil war, has lived in French exile for 20 years. When his mother is dying he considers visiting her secretly in his Spanish home town. But his biggest enemy, the Spanish police officer Vinolas, prepared a trap at the hospital as a chance to finally catch Artiguez.
Director
In the Australian Outback, the Carmody family--Paddy, Ida, and their teenage son Sean--are sheep drovers, always on the move. Ida and Sean want to settle down and buy a farm. Paddy wants to keep moving. A sheep-shearing contest, the birth of a child, drinking, gambling, and a racehorse will all have a part in the final decision.
Producer
가브리엘(오드리 헵번 분)은 벨기에의 유명한 의사의 딸. 사랑하는 청년의 어머니가 정신병자이기 때문에 결혼하지 못한 것을 비관해 평소 동경해 온 수녀 생활을 하게 된다. 물론 부모들은 그에 대해 반대했다. 그녀는 모범적인 수녀로 벨기에령 콩고의 간호 수녀가 되어 열대 지방으로 떠난다. 그러나 과로 때문에 폐결핵에 걸려 현지 의사의 도움으로 치료하지만 결국, 잉글버트 송환문제로 본국으로 송환된다. 제2차 대전이 발발하고 전선에 나간 부친이 전사하자, 그녀는 수녀 생활을 청산하고 종군 간호원이 된다.
Director
가브리엘(오드리 헵번 분)은 벨기에의 유명한 의사의 딸. 사랑하는 청년의 어머니가 정신병자이기 때문에 결혼하지 못한 것을 비관해 평소 동경해 온 수녀 생활을 하게 된다. 물론 부모들은 그에 대해 반대했다. 그녀는 모범적인 수녀로 벨기에령 콩고의 간호 수녀가 되어 열대 지방으로 떠난다. 그러나 과로 때문에 폐결핵에 걸려 현지 의사의 도움으로 치료하지만 결국, 잉글버트 송환문제로 본국으로 송환된다. 제2차 대전이 발발하고 전선에 나간 부친이 전사하자, 그녀는 수녀 생활을 청산하고 종군 간호원이 된다.
Director
A Korean War veteran's morphine addiction wreaks havoc upon his family.
Director
This joyous celebration of frontier life combines tender romance and violent passion in the Oklahoma Territory of the 1900s with a timeless score filled with unforgettable songs. Rodgers and Hammerstein's hit Broadway musical.
Director
제2차 세계대전 직전 하와이에 전입온 이등병 프로이스는 권투 미들급 챔피언이었다. 하지만 그는 경기도중 상대가 눈을 멀어 다시는 권투를 하지 않으려고 하나, 중대장은 그를 시합에 뛰게 하려고 안달이다. 그런 프로이스를 이해하는 상사인 워든은 몰래 중대장의 부인 카렌과 밀회를 즐기고 있었다. 또한 프로이스와 친했던 안젤로가 영창 담당하사인 마지오에게 미움을 받아 죽자 그와 격투를 벌여 마지오는 죽고, 프로이스는 중상을 입어 술집에서 사귄 엘머의 집으로 피신하게 된다. 그때 라디오에서는 일본의 진주만 공습을 방송하고 군인들의 소집 명령을 내린다. 프로이스는 엘머의 만류를 뿌리치고 기지로 돌아갈 것을 결심한다. 아픈 몸으로 비틀대면서 가던 프로이스는 경비병에 의해 오인 사격을 받아 죽고 만다.
Director
Tomboy, Frances 'Frankie' Addams, dreams of running away with her brother and new fiancée away from the Deep South.
Director
1870년 서부의 작은 마을 헤이드리빌의 어느 일요일 아침, 세 명의 무법자들이 마을 역에서 서성거리며 시계를 본다. 이들의 보스 프랭크 밀러가 탄 기차가 12시 정오에 도착하는 것을 기다리고 있다. 이날은 바로 헤이들리빌 마을의 보안관 윌 케인이 보안관직을 은퇴하여 아름다운 신부 에이미와 결혼식을 올리고 마을을 떠나려하는 날인데, 5년 전 그에게 체포되어 투옥된 밀러가 복수를 하러오고 있는 중인 것이다. 이미 보안관직을 사임한 윌에게 더 이상의 책임은 없지만, 그는 밀러가 마을에 큰 피해를 줄 것을 알기에 고뇌에 빠지는데...
Producer
Director
An Italian war bride has problems dealing with her husband's possessive mother.
Director
Benjy is a 1951 American short documentary film directed by Fred Zinnemann. It won an Oscar in 1952 for Documentary Short Subject. Henry Fonda narrates this short film about a boy who was handicapped from birth. An orthopedic pediatrician wants to provide a therapeutic regimen that could cure the child, a scoliosis patient, but first he needs to convince the boy's parents, who have rejected the child because of his disabilities.
Director
Ken, an ex-WWII GI, returns home after he's paralyzed in battle. Residing in the paraplegic ward of a veteran's hospital and embittered by his condition, he refuses to see his fiancée and sinks into a solitary world of hatred and hostility. Head physician, Dr. Brock cajoles the withdrawn Ken into the life of the ward, where fellow patients Norm, Leo and Angel begin to pull him out of his spiritual dilemma.
Director
A former prisoner of war, Frank Enley is hailed as a hero in his California town. However, Frank has a shameful secret that comes back to haunt him when fellow survivor Joe Parkson emerges, intent on making Frank pay for his past deeds.
Director
In postwar Germany, a displaced Czech boy, separated from his family during wartime, is befriended by an American GI while the boy's mother desperately searches for him.
Interpreter (uncredited)
In postwar Germany, a displaced Czech boy, separated from his family during wartime, is befriended by an American GI while the boy's mother desperately searches for him.
Director
After his mother's death, a young boy tries to help his father stop drinking.
Director
Living with his family in Baltimore, 9-year-old Lewie Penrose claims that he can converse with horses--and also pick the winners of upcoming races. When it appears as though Lewie is telling the truth, he attracts the interest of gambler Rich Roeder who needs a "sure thing" in the upcoming Preakness. Meanwhile, Lewie's older brother John carries on a romance with the lovely Martha.
Director
In Nazi Germany in 1936 seven men escape from a concentration camp. The camp commander puts up seven crosses and, as the Gestapo returns each escapee he is put to death on a cross. The seventh cross is still empty as George Heisler seeks freedom in Holland.
Director
Blind detective Duncan Maclain gets mixed up with enemy agents and murder when he tries to help an old friend with a rebellious stepdaughter.
Director
Van Heflin stars as the head of a city crime lab who tries to solve the murder of the town mayor by scientifically analyzing evidence.
Director
Author Frank R. Stockton, often asked the question, finally decides to divulge the untold ending of his story, The Lady or the Tiger?
Co-Director
Told on the premise that the United States has always been a refuge from those seeking a reprieve from poverty and bigotry, this Miniature short from M-G-M is the story of a young Polish boy, unable to speak English, just arriving in New York City with hie parents. He leaves his lower east-side tenement to go play. Passing an open field he sees a sight unfamiliar to him; a group of boys playing baseball. When the boys drop their bats and gloves to hitch a ride on a passing ice-wagon, the Polish boy goes over to the baseball diamond and starts examining the baseball equipment. The boys come back and think he is about to steal their belongings but, when they learn he is a new immigrant and doesn't understand English, they invite him to play base ball with them..and he gets a base-hit his first time at bat.
Director
This short looks at the odd bequests that people have made in their wills over the years. They include a woman who left her fortune to her pet cat and a murderer who ensured that his corneas would be donated to a blind girl after he was put to death in the electric chair. At the end, the will of Charles Lounsberry, who died with no earthly possessions, is read in its entirety.
Director
This MGM Crime Does Not Pay series short looks at the U.S. Department of Immigration's efforts to halt the smuggling of illegal aliens into the country. Desperate immigrants, tired of waiting for legal entry, pay exorbitant fees and risk a grisly death to enter by illegal means.
Director
This Passing Parade entry tells the story of Dr. Joseph Goldberger (1874-1929), a Hungarian immigrant who devoted his life to finding the cause of pellagra, a disease that killed hundreds of thousands in the southern United States. Although the medical community believed that the condition was caused by a virus, Goldberger proved that a healthy diet was the cure.
Director
This short film chronicles the importance of cotton to the economy and culture of America's Old South.
Director
This MGM John Nesbitt's Passing Parade series short tells the story of Mark Carleton, a worker for the USDA who travels across the world trying to find wheat that farmers can grow despite various disasters.
Director
Story of Colonial American David Bushnell, inventor of the submarine and depth charge.
Director
This short film presents the story of Dr. Ephraim McDowell, who came under scrutiny for his pioneering of surgical practices.
Director
A temporary laborer who helps bring down a mob-sponsored employment racket
Director
An episode in the "Crime Does Not Pay" series. Dave Miller, an aircraft plant worker, is actually selling secret bomber plans to foreign agents. United States Intelligence Department agents plan to trap him and the spies he works for.
Director
Modern meteorology and a hard-working government weather team put their science and organization to work as a cold front moves from Alaska toward the citrus groves of Southern California. First, the scientists predict the storm's course, giving several days' warning to farmers and growers. The growers, typified by the Morgan family, prepare the oil-burning pots throughout their grove. Then, as the temperature dips below freezing, they light the pots. The cold snap continues as oil-supplies dwindle; the smoky air slows traffic, including trucks bringing more oil. The scientists strive to predict how long freezing temperatures will last: can the Morgans hold out?
Director
The story of Dr. George Washington Carver (1864-1943), black educator and horticulturist. He is perhaps most well known for developing over 140 products from all parts of the peanut plant, including the shells and husks. He also developed products based on sweet potatoes and soybeans, and developed a cotton hybrid that was named after him.
Director
That Mothers Might Live is a 1938 American short drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann. The short is a brief account of Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis and his discovery of the need for cleanliness in 19th-century maternity wards, thereby significantly decreasing maternal mortality, and of his struggle to gain acceptance of his idea. Although Semmelweis ultimately failed in his lifetime, later scientific luminaries advanced his work in spirit like microbiologist Louis Pasteur, who provided a scientific theoretical explanation of Semmelweis' observations by helping develop the germ theory of disease and the British surgeon, Dr. Joseph Lister who revolutionized medicine putting Pasteur's research to practical use. In 1939, at the 11th Academy Awards, the film won an Oscar for Best Short Subject (One-Reel).
Director
Pete Smith tells the story of 'Sparky', a German shepherd dog trained to lead his blind master, a country doctor who lost his sight in a fire, and now has to depend upon the dog to lead him in his daily rounds. 'Sparky" was the dog who was responsible for the Interstate Commerce Commission passing a special ruling allowing guide-dogs to travel first-class in Pullman cars to accompany their blind partner, and not as animals confined to the baggage car. Smith shows how 'Sparky' went to Washington D. C. with his master and helped sell the change to the legislators.
Director
A Mexican fisherman, whose son has died because he could not afford necessary medical care out of his meagre wages, becomes aware of how badly exploited he and his many fellow fisherman are by the one greedy man for whom they work and the corrupt politician who makes the laws to benefit him.
Assistant Director
A woman whose husband never came home from World War I finds herself in love with her doctor. She travels with him to Switzerland, and as they check into the hotel there, she is astounded to see her supposedly dead husband.
Assistant Director
1931 picture starring Kay Johnson.
German Soldier / French Ambulance Driver (uncredited)
1차 대전이 진행되고 있을 무렵, 폴과 알버트, 프란츠, 뮬러, 벤은 전쟁에 참전해 조국을 구하라는 한 교수의 연설에 감동을 받아 혹독한 훈련을 마친 후 전선으로 향한다. 하지만 전선에 배치되자마자 벤은 전사하고, 프란츠는 부상으로 다리를 절단하게 된다. 정신을 차린 후, 평생 불구로 살아야한다는 사실에 이성을 잃고 날뛰던 프란츠도 병원에서 사망한다. 한편, 뮬러는 프란츠가 아끼던 군화를 받게 되자 아주 기뻐하지만 그 역시 전사한다. 결국 폴은 전쟁터에서 전쟁의 참상에 대해 서서히 깨닫기 시작하는데...
Director
1930년에 만들어진 독일의 무성영화로 73분짜리로 만들어졌다. 일요일을 즐기는 사람들을 다큐멘터리 형식으로 스케치한 작품이다. 영화의 주인공으로 등장하는 다섯 남녀 , 택시 운전사, 모델, 와인 딜러, 영화 엑스트라, 레코드 가게 직원은 실제로 그 일을 하는 일반인을 캐스팅하였다.
Camera Intern
The engineer Karl Hartmann invents a new, gigantic brown coal excavator. He discovers that there are large deposits below his home country and decides to use the excavator there.
Assistant Camera
La marche des machines is a thundering, thumping symphony of turbines, belts, flanges, wheels and sparks.
